Viviane Forrester, who died Tuesday, April 30 at the age of 87 years, never complained. So most of his friends did not know she was fighting against cancer. Similarly, the misfortune that was the suicide of one of his two son, she spoke little, and with great modesty. As soon as she confided, smiling, that the success of Economic Horror, in 1996, allowed him to get out of a difficult financial situation – she had not said a word. And though in his own way, she refused all his funeral ceremony, wishing to avoid the tears to those who loved and kept, as it always has, false grief hypocrites.

Novelist, essayist, she was an avid reader. Literary fortnight, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Monde had the chance to publish his articles. Meetings of the “World of books” – it’s worked steadily since the early 1990s – was appreciated as a scholarship in the Anglo-Saxon area its always curiosity aroused, and his spirit never conventional. Viviane Forrester was born September 29, 1925 into a wealthy Jewish family. It was beautifully told in tonight after the war (ed. JC Lattes, 1992) how at age 15, the exodus of young luxury Viviane Dreyfus, the carefree early days in the south of France, followed the sudden be more French than Jewish consciousness ease: “The scum of the earth, it was us.”

ELEGANCE AND STYLE OF THINKING

Already, ten years before, in the bridle Aisles (Acropolis, 1982), a novel, but also biography of her mother, Viviane Forrester evoked the birthplace – where Debussy lived and composed at leisure, and where he died. And the girl she had been blessed by a loving Italian nurse, but living so to speak away from her parents, she was waiting for the passage at night in the nursery. She had never divorced painter John Forrester, although they separated after a few years together it evokes in what she published her diary, Rue de Rivoli – 1966-1972 (Gallimard, 2011). A couple of artists, nonconformists. Together without being really, except when their friends come, because he painted it and, who says he knew from an early age that she would be a writer, working on his first texts.

This is a first novel she publishes Thus exiles (Gallimard, 1970). But it is his essay on Virginia Woolf (Literary Fortnight, 1973), which, by its relevance and elegance of style and thought, gives her stature. Then come Violence calm (Threshold, “Fiction & Cie”, 1980), and a very subtle book on Van Gogh, Van Gogh or burial in wheat (Threshold, “Fiction & Cie” 1983 Prix Femina Vacaresco). “We never pushed too far exploring what was Van Gogh,” had written the historian Georges Duby in Liberation. After several novels, including The Game daggers (Gallimard, 1985) and The Eye of the Night (Grasset, 1987), Viviane Forrester was elected jury Prix Femina in 1994. Some may have believed, so we knew the irreverent and rebellious, she had calmed down. They were wrong.

“DECOY GREAT”

In 1996, she returned, in a field where we did not expect, with an essay, The Economic Horror (Fayard, Prix Medicis test). “It was necessary that this book is a work of art and not, as the ease and advertising produce both a written circumstance intended to serve as a springboard for television appearances, wrote Pierre Lepape in his series of” World of books. “L Economic Horror is not a newspaper swollen to the size of a book. We can always make summaries and caricatures, to reduce theses and themes in the arguments and demonstrations, we miss the basics: less ideas than flesh and emotion where they are born, the thickness and strength of words that carry them, but the truth of the intuition that illuminates (…) Viviane. Forrester writes follies, all economists will tell you, their numbers against his letters starting with this madness then, the hugest, most against the tyranny of common sense which is the custom:. working n ‘ is the foundation of our society, it is now a great lure, a carefully maintained illusion, for the power of the few and the misery of a crowd that does not stop and will not end grow. Our economic system, now extended to the whole world, needs an ever decreasing number of workers. ”

All experts Decha? Born against this book. Between misogyny and contempt for literature who dares talk about the economy, nothing has been spared Viviane Forrester, who faced with guts. Aided by the book’s success. This sounded by a woman committed against the world as it is wrong, hit a huge audience: more than 350,000 copies sold in France, thirty translations. And, Viviane Forrester, an international tour. Despite the criticism, often abusive, Viviane Forrester continued to reflect on these issues. She was not afraid to go face to Davos in 1998, experts who were highly critical. Before publishing, in 2000, a strange dictatorship (Fayard), a critique of ultra-liberalism, in which she wrote in part: “Every day, we witness the fiasco ultraliberalism Every day this ideological system based on the. dogma (or fantasy) of a self-regulated market economy itself, demonstrates his inability to manage itself, to embroidered l it generates, to master it Decha? do. ”

SUITE unfinished

And she heard do it again, since preparing a sequel to these two trials, The Promise of the worst, it was published in January 2014 at the threshold, and remains unfinished. Meanwhile, after the Western Crime (Fayard, 2004), where she studied the attitude of Western democracies with regard to the Israeli Palestinian conflict, she returned the heart tee Virginia Woolf, to give a splendid biography (Albin Michel, 2009 Prix Goncourt for biography). She describes in detail the contradictions Woolf. People contradictory Viviane Forrester was too, and that’s what made it so attractive.

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The first time Steven Spielberg suggested to Daniel Day-Lewis to play Abraham Lincoln, almost ten years ago, the actor has not taken seriously: “I thought it was an extravagant idea. I wanted to meet Steven for the pleasure of meeting the man who wanted me to play Abraham Lincoln. would I ever went through my head that I would be able to serve him in his work. ” Just read filmography of Daniel Day-Lewis to understand that man chooses his films carefully, if not wisely. In twelve years, he retained only five r? Them, and we had not seen on screen since the unfortunate adventure of Nine in 2009.

While in Paris, he returned to the long journey to Abraham Lincoln, the outcome of which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Actor, an award he has already re? Ue twice.

Perhaps because he is the son of a great British poet of the twentieth century, Cecil Day-Lewis, the actor describes his encounter with a character: “There comes a time when we feel taken despite itself into the orbit of another life. I think of us as two ships floating in the ether. I am one of them, the other man is the other ship. Communion These points are like ropes that are thrown between the two vessels. They recognize t, they are identified and tied these cables. And, comments? ant to turn the winch, the two vessels are approaching. Arrive time where the two merge, and it is with? has to do, for better or for worse. ”

Sally Field, who plays Mary Todd Lincoln, the president’s wife, remembers that she filmed a screen test with Daniel Day-Lewis “at a time when it was at the beginning of the process that would make him Abraham Lincoln “. During filming, his colleagues testified that Daniel Day-Lewis did not come out of his character, day and night keeping the concerns and maintaining the sixteenth president of the United States.

He built this amazingly complex creation from nothing. “My relationship with Lincoln was the same as Steven has proven as a child, he found himself at the foot of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. This was compared to a figure carved in stone. The miracle occurs when ‘we dare to approach. It is exquisite to discover that it is a human being very accessible. ” Like all his comrades, Daniel Day-Lewis relied on the work of historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals (a “team of rivals”), which served as the basis for scenario Tony Kushner.

But he pushed his research much further, to the roots of slavery in the United States, “a scourge that the founding fathers were ignored by tacit agreement” to the generation predecessors Lincoln, up the military history of the Civil War. He read all of course r What writings left Abraham Lincoln: “His letters, the great debates with Stephen Douglas [political opponent, Democrat, Republican Abraham Lincoln], his first inaugural address, the address Gettysburg. These are great literary texts, but they are also avenues that lead to the spirit of this man, “he says.

“An invisible border”

Through these readings, Daniel Day-Lewis found “humor” of Lincoln and also “the ability to think long, weighing the issues, follow a logical thought stepping up its conclusion. Once he had reached, he was steadfast and was. ” “Fortunately, the actor says he was not perfect. If we can not fault it ethically, he could get angry, be cruel, he was capable of great coldness.” Came when Daniel Day-Lewis has spent “an invisible border” where he became Lincoln. He does not want to detail the choice (voice, posture, expressions) that were hers. “I prefer to believe that these decisions are made by themselves,” he said.

When asked if he is attracted to another historical figure, he replied in the negative first, before correcting with a surprising suggestion: “There is a life, I do not know if something will come out. I read two biographies written by his son Nicholas, Oswald Mosley [British fascist leader between the two world wars]. This subject interests me especially because my parents belong to the generation of the war, because my mother is Jewish. She told me that moment of unity experienced by Great Britain, and the country has ever known. I find it interesting that at the heart of this company there has been a man who was a very different approach, in which the number of recognized members of the high society. ”

Read also: the encounter with the actress Sally Field, Thomas Sotinel (on his blog “First Catch”).

Read also: review of the movie by Thomas Sotinel.

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For years, Pedro Almodovar promises he will do something else that will turn elsewhere in Spain, addressing the history tormented his country to venture into the field of politics. And then, he gave up this scenario will become Paperboy in the hands of Lee Daniels, does not fit the biography of the Communist poet Marcos Ana. Almodovar seems doomed to make Almodovar, for the sake of some (including the author) and the exasperation of others. So we are not entirely surprised to discover that his disaster film, his version of Airport (George Seaton, 1970), depicts a plane from Madrid to Mexico and finds a hours later to circle above the handle (of the Quixote, not in Normandy). By coincidence extraordinary, one of the most famous children in the region after the Knight of the Sad Countenance, called Pedro Almodovar.

Passengers Lovers will be a journey into self-mockery and anguish of the creator of the comic mode. A prologue to the track briefly pass Penelope Cruz and Antonio Banderas camera, whose emotions are causing the damage which condemns the flight to Mexico to shoot continuously over Spain.

Deliberately …

Key stakeholders evoke the coincidence. Shortly before the visit Fran? Ois Hollande in China, on 25 and 26 April, two “black sheep” of Beijing, the first Tibetan minister in exile, Lobsang Sangay, and dissenting or Uygur Rebiya Kadeer made a Paris trip. Arrived separately on the same day, Thursday, April 18, they made discreet visits, meetings without responsible fran? Ais, but the Chinese embassy in Paris is still moved by the party organization for these two personalities the National Assembly and the Senate. Pressures were exercised for their cancellation in vain. Even on French soil? Ais, it became difficult to discuss sensitive subjects with the second largest economy.

Also read: Fran ois Hollande in China, the first steps?

There was a time, after the bloody suppression of the democracy movement in 1989, in which Chinese students fleeing were welcomed as heroes and celebrated in Paris at the parade celebrating the bicentenary of the French Revolution. “A regime that, to survive, is reduced to pull the youth he trained and who stands against him in the name of freedom has no future,” then said Fran? Ois Mitterrand.

More than twenty years later, the regime has not only survived, but has given his rank to the old Middle Kingdom and accepts less and less on? Ons of the West.

Recently, in a Parisian bookstore specializing in the very famous Asia, The Phoenix, essayist close to the government, Song Luzheng, presented his book, Chinese, China can win. How the model of the Chinese system can overtake the West, touting the single party. “Given the current situation, the Chinese model is proving to be the best, he assured. Opposition democracy-dictatorship that course in the principles of political science of the West can not explain the Chinese model.”

Priority is given THE PRAGMATIC

Under the presidency of Jacques Chirac, the issue of human rights (Renquan Chinese) going in the background, the priority is the strategic partnership with Beijing. With the Chinese number one at the time, Jiang Zemin, he argued, in 1997, the emergence of a “multipolar world, more just” arguing the universality of human rights, stressing that it must take into account “features of each.”

In 2004, when Hu Jintao, China’s new number one, was speaking in the National Assembly, elected the PS, including Laurent Fabius, had asked the Socialist MPs not to support their presence “a dictator who violates human rights. ” Jean-Marc Ayrault, then president of the Socialist Group in the Assembly, considered the head of state had “crossed the bounds of Realpolitik.”

In 2008, after a series of protests repressed in Tibet, Nicolas Sarkozy had tried to confront Beijing, leaving some doubt on his arrival at the opening ceremony of the Olympics before giving.

With Fran? Ois Hollande, it is, according to the Elysee, to discuss these sensitive issues “with respect and without fuss” and “move forward pragmatically.” “Do not make a big show ideological, because it turns the Chinese. But do not talk about it is a sign of weakness,” says one in the president’s entourage. Pleased t thundering declarations priority seems to be given to pragmatism.

“This does not mean to speak in public, it is not a dirty word, but individual cases are treated liked t discreetly,” Does it advance the Quai d’Orsay, where it is emphasized that the dialogue on human rights with China is also in the European context.

CALL TO ASK Liu Xiaobo, NOBEL PEACE 2010

But in most, some, such as Senator Andr?? Gattolin (EELV) member of the Tibet Information Group consider the French diplomacy? Comfortable “timid” and “obsolete.” “It is not inconsistent to trade and say things,” the judge who gave the example of Germany and Angela Merkel. It highlights a survey by the FIFG 16 to 18 April on behalf of the NGO Green Lotus. According to this poll, 68% of respondents are in favor of that Fran? Ois Hollande evokes with his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping, the situation of human rights in China, 92% of them feel “not satisfactory “.

For Marie Holzman, president of the China Association Solidarity, the homeland of human rights should be directed to the millions of Chinese who are fighting “courageously and selflessly” for enforcement. “All these people are looking to the West. If they fight, it is because there is an alternative model. At the same time, they are neither naive nor fs blissful, they also know that democracy meeting problems, “she analyzed.

Jean-Marie Burden, France Director of Human Rights Watch, said in a statement that “the development of the rule of law and freedom of expression is now at the heart of the aspirations of the Chinese society.”

“President Holland weaken the position of France was silent on whether these issues,” he stressed, calling him to publicly call for the release of Liu Xiaobo, Nobel Peace Prize in 2010, condemned the previous year eleven years in prison. House arrest in his Beijing apartment, his wife, Liu Xia, has appeared, Tuesday, April 23, for the first time in public since 2010, the court heard that his brother was accused of “fraud”.

“MUST BE THE FIRST TO BUSINESS”

As Chinese society, at least the urban fringe which has benefited from growth, claims a greater freedom of speech and a greater respect for their rights, France should be placed on the ground, some observers believe. Perhaps exploring new avenues and forging more links with civil society, as do German foundations.

For the sociologist Jean-Louis Rocca, a researcher at CERI at Sciences Po, there is a “game of shadow theater that does little things done.” “The West should talk without speaking, the Chinese facher without becoming angry, because we must first do business,” he notes.

Stephanie Balme, a researcher at Sciences Po and author of The Temptation of China, new ideas re? Wheels on a changing country (ed. The Blue Rider), considers it necessary to argue with Chinese leaders that “there a co t to overlook human rights. ” In particular, it recommends the development of cooperation in areas such as labor law. During his visit, Mr. Holland will also in French SMEs? Comfortable, Bernard Controls, presented as a model of socially. “Companies also have an r? The play” Does is indicated in the presidential entourage.

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Even Roberto Saviano, author of Gomorra (Gallimard), not back. From the top of the 10 million copies of his book sold worldwide (2.5 million in Italy), writer and journalist not find the words to explain the government’s decision to Scampia, a neighborhood north of Naples, prohibit on its territory the shooting Gomorrah 2, inspired by his bestseller. “A new act of censorship”, has he protested. However, the TV drama twelve fifty minute episodes, which were to begin shooting in late January seemed promised the same success that the film by Matteo Garrone, Grand Jury Prize at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival.

Saviano had even agreed to be the technical adviser. But the credibility of the author, fed her daily commitment to the fight against the Mafia and worth it to live under permanent police escort, did not seem sufficient security for the inhabitants of Scampia. Particularly those of the residence of Velle (“sails” in French? Ais), a bar of buildings in the purest Italian style seventies, vaguely evoking a schooner. In its corridors, balconies, …

The Prime Minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, announced he wanted to see lower than EUR 1 000 per purchase, against 3000 euros now for tax residents, the ceiling for which a cash payment is allowed.

He said that “consultations” would be “launched”, including “lowering the threshold of cash.” “This consultation will be undertaken very quickly to a decree and legislative measures be taken by the end of 2013 to lower the threshold in cash 1 000 residents against 3 000 per purchase today. This threshold would be reduced to ? 10 000 for non-residents against 15 000 per sale today. ”

This measure is part of a policy to fight harder against tax evasion. In Le Figaro, to para? Be Tuesday, budget minister, Jer? Cahuzac me, says he hopes the measure “an additional return of approximately one billion” euros.

At a national committee to fight against fraud, Monday, February 11, the Prime Minister said some of the other measures that could be implemented, including “creating a file policyholders of life insurance” and “strengthening coordination between all relevant services” locally. At European level, while the European Commission has proposed new legislation to improve the fight against money laundering in Europe, Mr. Ayrault assured that France would be “very attentive to adoption before the June plan the fight against tax and customs fraud and against the more ambitious than the current “laundering provisions.

THE CONTROL? RELATE THE TAX PLUS THE STATE

The General Directorate of Public Finance (DGFIP) took advantage of the committee to make public its preliminary figures for 2012: the control tax allowed to recover ? 12.3 billion. “In total, these operations have to rectify 9.1 billion rights and apply 3.2 billion euros in penalties,” an increase of 14% compared to 2011, details Matignon. These figures relate only to the embroidered the “on the spot”, made directly in a company or in an individual. “The embroidered pieces on the” made since the tax offices should report more in 2012.

The FIU TRACFIN, which is also interested in the same social and tax evasion in September, wrote “1201 Notes transmission”, an increase of 13%, of which 522 (5% compared to 2011) have forwarded directly to the court and sent to 679 government partners (19%).

She has the voice, the presence, beauty, generosity need. Her name is Viktor Lazlo. Singer, actress, novelist. It is known. She has published My Name is Billie Holiday (Albin Michel), biography, autobiography, narrative takes on the page. That this story is based on a double transfer perfectly verifiable should not suffocate in 2013, a school scholar. As we hear? Mes, Thursday, Jan. 10, on the radio. This double transfer, Viktor Lazlo stands playing. But the scene.

She plays a musical around twenty songs Eleanora “Billie” Holiday, Lady Day (Baltimore, 1915 – New York, 1959). Based on an idea by Francis Lombrail, the show is staged in a style of patronage, by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt Left Bank Theatre de la Ga? Ty in Paris.

Without knowing hear the music and the singers would still have to see this show before vituperate psychoanalytic jargon – for the poor word “transfer”. And substitute a dialect technical sociological ice a tad? Ant.

Directed precisely Viktor Lazlo does not imitate, do not recreate, not mime. She sings twenty songs of the greatest musicians of the twentieth century. It says, musician. She sings with her voice and her own temperament. From anyhow, Lady Day is inimitable, but the pastiche, which is always tempting.

Stronger, Viktor Lazlo does not solely myth real, the disaster that was in a sense the life of Billie Holiday. She also knows and proclaims – all in his story says – from the desire, luck and luxury which bore his existence.

A seminal work, not translated in France, Angela Davis, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism (1991) clearly point on this issue. First telling communities women blues – Ma Rainey Bessie Smith – as gay, love, self, happy, scandalous, free, out of the world of men, and then changing the background image and the myth of Billie Holiday, who is not a blues singer, but it would be another matter. It is true that simply child position “fan”, and manipulate Angela Davis as a catechism, hardly possible to move forward.

Yes, Billie Holiday can not be reduced to sordid myth that has long been escorted. Even less neo-myth meaning which we want to constrain. “It was a femme fatale, in the sense that the fatality had taken it from the start and had never left, and it was left as the only defense, after a thousand thousand injuries and also violent delights that this humorous tone in the voice strangely hoarse notes that when she was gone very far, or very low, and it suddenly came back to us through his mocking chuckle and its proud and fearful eyes. ” These lines Fran? Oise Sagan (With my best memory, Gallimard, 1984) should open the debate, instead of closing.

Because it is not so much desired by the best musicians of his time, Lester “Prez” Young Harry “Sweets” Edison, through Coleman Hawkins, Duke Ellington, Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Gerry Mulligan and you want, they become larger as seen today by the sheer fascination of fate. This is life, life as it is lived, the joy in the face of death, before which all bowed. He is also a life with men or against them. A life at the infamy of sexual and racial domination. A history of the United States of America.

Only musicians have known without error, nor ever cheat Billie Holiday. Greatest. When “after hours” after “after hours”, they rushed to 4:00 am until noon in the club Eddie Condon, it was not to compete with her. In 2013, we should have abandoned the love duets hear it induces in music, such as contests or competitions. Prez and Lady Day in competition! Abjection of sports ideology … Or compare the loving embrace as a wrestling match. Each of its referent, after all. They knew them, musicians, is that his contact with her, Lady Day, they were playing in unfamiliar areas, they went where they had never been able to go, they renon? Have to know everything at any photograph.

Those who accompany Viktor Lazlo on stage do with honesty. Surjouant sometimes, by default, this quirk Compete. Musical director, Michel Bisceglia. Lighting and evocation agreed to a jazz club do them justice. The shackled narrative events, light, weak. The r? Allotted to the tenor saxophonist could smile if it lent itself with a sort of comic gusto. The issue is not there. Nobody asked him to recreate the background celestial couple Prez and Lady Day is for eternity. With in hand in a cohort of serious critics who still wonder if they have consumed. Over a school scholar scorekeeper.

The proper success of the show lies in the truth of Viktor Lazlo. His body, his voice, his creation, his fervor, without trying to steal his idol, without piper. Hide without either of its virulence. The interpretation of Strange Fruit simply supported by the piano Bisceglia has for once as an example. Ballad of the Hanged dedicated to Negro body swayed? Have trees after the ceremony lynching, Strange Fruit, “the trees dangling strange fruit” is a composition of Lewis Allan, Jewish teacher, a member of the American Communist Party.

Time Magazine considered her as a? Uvrette propaganda. Billie Holiday is made to throw a lot of scenes (Mobile, Alabama), where she sang. The real point is that she sang simply, without hysteria, and? Has? Has them was unbearable. Columbia Records when she was in fa? Thee of his glory, refused to register. He found a small company, Commodore, on 42nd Street to do with suitable musicians Series B

Any aesthetic social policy history, is played there. The refusal of the major studios, this is true of those in the film, who invented the word “jazz” to insult. In the work of militant small studios that made their job. Commodore was placed to the left and Jewish persuasion.

Number of singers sang Strange Fruit. Ella Fitzgerald, who has not suffered less than Billie Holiday in childhood and life, but comes out in a different way, Nina Simone, it is not just insulting to consider as fine tactician in his interpretation of Strange Fruit (for who knows what, misery, “political positioning”), it is especially stupid.

Viktor Lazlo transmits all with talent, energy and joy. It does not seek to imitate the foolish recesses voice Billie, swaying his syllables, syncope and its syntax can be taken for as many glamorous effects (ideology “fan”), is its honor singer and writer. At least do not we start with the satisfaction of a good little fearful recital “jazzy”.

Billie Holiday, a musical Viktor Lazlo. Theatre Rive Gauche. 6, rue de la Ga? Tee, Paris 14th. Until January 17. Tel. : 01-43-35-32-31. On the Web: www.theatre-shore gauche.com.

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With yields are down to 2.25% in 2012 (this poor record is held by Free Gan, a contract Groupama-Gan), the euro fund life insurance not relate much.

Read also: Life Insurance: List of 2012 funds rate in euros

Especially it is necessary to remove these social contributions rate of 15.5%. More than ever, investors have an incentive to consider the costs under the microscope and negotiate if necessary.

Fees on payments

Whenever you invest in a life insurance policy, your payments are punctured under an entrance fee. They can be up to 5%, which is disproportionate today for euro funds that yield less than 3% on average, 2.5% after social security contributions.

Indeed, with fresh 4% for example, you must wait two years for your savings starts its first report cents, and six years for it exceeds the level it would have reached on A Booklet!

To avoid overkill, go to a free entry contract, as found on many Internet and in some traditional societies (Legal & General or Macif, for example). Or default, negotiate them with your intermediary, who almost always has a margin of maneuver to reduce the score to 1% or less (it depends on the amount you set).

On assets under management

Apparently, the “management fees” are low, but make no mistake: these are heavier in the long term because they are recurring and are annually on capital increase.

With a contract fee 1% of your savings per year, you will have dropped more than 10% of your savings in ten years. It’s much … In euro fund, they are directly removed from the announced performance and are painless in appearance, in units of account, they are deducted from the increase in savings, or worse drops.

These fees are not negotiable to you to select the possible contracts are less expensive. Cheapest charge from 0.4 to 0.5% per year, and some are even cheaper, as the AGPM (General Association of military insurance) or MIF (Mutuelle d’Ivry) that merely 0.35 %, or the Asac-Fapes, to 0.36%. Also note the Actiplus contract Macif which itself does not levy any fees.

We live in a new era of global economy. In France, in Europe, political leaders know this, but they do not seem to have learned the consequences, or really take, nor do they know how to explain. They underestimate the more the realities of the international that it disrupts their policy space economic integration. They cultivate the nostalgia of “thirty glorious years” when growth was guaranteed, and with it, employment. These times will not return. Just as we do not return to the globalization of trade.

India, China, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, among others emerging, live globalization. They will not give it. They weigh more, politically and economically. Card power change before our eyes. The South size place. In Africa, the middle classes will count in 2050, 600 million people, against 300 million today. In Asia Pacific, this category will rise half a billion people to 3.2 billion in 2030. The era of economic domination of the North is over. Europe falters, taken in its contradictions, while its struggling companies on the foreheads of new markets.

This shift is part of a dramatic movement technological change whose speed and scale transform patterns of production, consumption, corporate finance and management. New players, new products, new rules, new businesses emerging new economy and a new society. No field escapes: the industry to the economy of knowledge and culture, banking to the world of luxury, multiple actors in the energy sector than in supermarkets or automotive.

These two major changes, geo-economic and micro-economic, as Le Monde wants to tell and analyze increasingly hanging on the real and turning back to the ideological divisions of the past. New era, new look: The World is launching this Monday, April 29, the “Eco & Company” daily notebook, backed by an improved offer on our website. In today’s edition, meeting with Tom Enders, the boss of EADS, which is expressed on Europe and global markets.

Our daily “Eco & Company” appointment offer exclusive information, profiles, surveys, reports, “business case” debate ideas. The economy is everyone’s business. It has never been so fa? Oned our daily lives. It has never been more urgent to understand, to decipher. It has never been more important to counter the easy populist slogans, give citizens the key transformations at work. Vividly, precise and rigorous. Without simplification.

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Norway, Sweden and Denmark require, like Ireland, the repayment of development aid to Uganda after the discovery of a large embezzlement in the country. An audit of control? Their general Ugandan government revealed in October that 10 million euros of international aid had ind? Ment landed on the accounts of officials in the Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi.

After these revelations, the Scandinavian countries, Ireland and Britain had decided to freeze aid to Uganda. Norway, Sweden and Denmark are now demanding a refund for the first part and the other full, paid. In November, Ireland had already announced that Uganda was committed to repay ? 4 million. “We asked to be reimbursed for 23 million kronor (3.1 million euros) and we were promised that we would be,” he told AFP Astrid Versto, spokesman for the Norwegian Ministry of development assistance.

The aid to areas ravaged by the LRA WAR

In Sweden, a spokesman for the Agency for International Development Agency (Sida) has indicated that negotiations were underway for the repayment of 45 million kronor (5.2 million euros). Denmark, meanwhile, announced the re? U assurance that all aid to 10 million kroner (1.3 million euros) it is made. Unlike other donors require the return of all monies paid, Norway does not require the repayment of amounts diverted. “The Norwegian aid was paid into a special account and therefore was better embroidered with the use which has been made of our money,” while other countries abounded a joint account, explained Ms. Versto.

The aid was initially intended for ravaged by 20 years of war against the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), bloody rebellion notorious for kidnapping children and regions which lasted until 2006 in the northern Uganda, before being expelled. Ensuring they were not aware of the wrongdoing, the Prime Minister Mbabazi has rejected all calls to resign. According to an index compiled by Transparency International, Uganda arrives at 130th per country? Us as the least virtuous of corruption on a list of 174 countries.